The Ultimate Concrete Delivery & Placement Checklist Template

Why Use a Concrete Delivery & Placement Checklist?

A well-executed concrete project-whether it's a new driveway, patio, or foundation-is an investment. Skipping steps or improvising can lead to costly mistakes, structural issues, and a significantly shortened lifespan for your concrete. A concrete delivery & placement checklist isn't just a formality; it's a roadmap to success.

Think of it as insurance against common pitfalls. It ensures every stage, from soil preparation to final curing, receives the attention it deserves. A checklist minimizes errors, improves communication between the project team (you, the supplier, and any subcontractors), and provides a valuable record of compliance with specifications and best practices.

Beyond the practical benefits of reduced risk and improved quality, a checklist fosters consistency. Whether you're tackling a small patio or a large commercial project, a standardized approach ensures repeatable results. Ultimately, using a checklist translates to a more durable, aesthetically pleasing, and cost-effective concrete solution.

Pre-Pour Planning & Site Preparation

Rushing into a concrete pour without meticulous planning and site preparation is a recipe for disaster. Poor groundwork can lead to cracking, settling, and ultimately, a costly and frustrating repair. Let's break down the critical steps involved in ensuring a solid foundation for your concrete project.

1. Subgrade Compaction: This is non-negotiable. The subgrade (the soil directly beneath the concrete) must be properly compacted. Uneven compaction will result in settling and cracking down the line. Use a plate compactor or a jumping jack to achieve the required density, typically around 95% Proctor density. Test the compaction to ensure it meets specifications.

2. Excavation & Grading: Excavate to the correct depth, accounting for the thickness of the concrete slab and any base material (like gravel). Accurate grading is essential for achieving the desired slope and elevation. Use a laser level or transit to ensure consistent grade.

3. Formwork Construction - Accuracy is Key: Forms define the shape and thickness of your concrete. Use sturdy lumber and secure it tightly. Ensure the forms are perfectly level and square. Apply a form release agent to prevent concrete from sticking. Consider using a level and square throughout the process - small errors here amplify into larger problems later.

4. Base Material (Gravel/Aggregate): A layer of compacted gravel or aggregate provides a stable base, improves drainage, and helps to prevent frost heave. The thickness of the base layer depends on the project requirements and soil conditions - consult with a structural engineer for recommendations. Compact the base material after placement, just as you would the subgrade.

5. Reinforcement Placement: If your project requires rebar or wire mesh, now's the time to install it. Ensure the reinforcement is positioned correctly, with adequate cover (the distance between the rebar and the concrete surface) to protect it from corrosion. Use chairs or bolsters to maintain proper spacing.

6. Utility Verification: Before any concrete is poured, double-check the location of all underground utilities. Call 811 (in the US) or your local equivalent to have utilities marked. This is crucial for safety and to prevent costly damage.

Proper site preparation isn't just a preliminary step; it's the foundation for a durable and long-lasting concrete structure. Don't cut corners on this vital stage.

Concrete Mix Design & Ordering: Getting it Right

Choosing the correct concrete mix isn't just about picking a number - it's about engineering a solution tailored to your project's specific needs. A poorly chosen mix can lead to premature cracking, reduced durability, and costly repairs down the line. Let's break down how to nail this crucial step.

Understanding Your Project Requirements:

Before you even think about ordering, you need a clear picture of what your concrete needs to do. Consider these factors:

• Application: Is it a driveway, patio, foundation, sidewalk, or something else? Different applications have different load and environmental demands.
• Strength (PSI): This is the compressive strength of the concrete after 28 days. Higher PSI generally means greater strength and load-bearing capacity. Driveways and foundations typically require higher PSI than patios.
• Exposure Conditions: Will the concrete be exposed to de-icing salts, freeze-thaw cycles, or prolonged moisture? These factors necessitate more durable mixes.
• Finish: The desired finish (smooth, textured, exposed aggregate) impacts the mix design.

Working with Your Concrete Supplier:

Your concrete supplier is your partner in this process. They have the expertise to translate your requirements into a specific mix design. Here's what to discuss:

• Cement Type: Different cement types offer varying properties. Your supplier can advise on the best choice for your application.
• Aggregate Size & Type: Aggregate size influences workability and finish.
• Water-Cement Ratio: This is a critical factor impacting strength and durability. Lower ratios generally lead to stronger concrete but can reduce workability.
• Admixtures: These are chemical additives that modify the concrete's properties. Common admixtures include:
  • Air Entrainment: Improves freeze-thaw resistance.
  • Water Reducers: Increase workability without adding water, leading to higher strength.
  • Retarders: Slow down the setting time, useful in hot weather.
  • Accelerators: Speed up the setting time, useful in cold weather.
• Fiber Reinforcement: Consider adding fibers (steel, polypropylene) for increased crack resistance and durability.

Ordering Considerations:

• Quantity: Accurately estimate the volume of concrete needed to avoid overages or shortages. Your supplier can help with calculations.
• Delivery: Coordinate delivery times carefully to ensure a smooth pour.
• Slump: Specify a target slump (consistency) for optimal workability.

By understanding the principles of concrete mix design and collaborating effectively with your supplier, you're setting the foundation (pun intended!) for a successful and long-lasting concrete project.

Delivery Logistics: Ensuring a Smooth Arrival

The arrival of the concrete truck isn't just a moment; it's a culmination of planning. Poor delivery logistics can lead to delays, wasted material, and a frustrated crew. Here's how to make sure everything goes smoothly:

Access & Site Preparation: Before the truck even arrives, verify they have clear, unobstructed access to the pour site. Account for turning radiuses and overhead clearances. Consider the ground conditions - is it stable enough to support a loaded concrete truck? Soft ground can lead to trucks getting stuck and material loss.

Communication is Key: Confirm the delivery time with the concrete supplier at least 24 hours in advance. Reconfirm the order quantity and mix design. Provide clear instructions on the access route and designated drop-off location. Ensure someone on-site is available to direct the driver and answer any questions.

Slump Test Protocol: Upon arrival, the driver should perform a slump test to confirm the concrete's consistency matches the specified mix design. This is a critical first check - don't let the truck start pouring until this test is satisfactory. Document the slump result for your records.

Truck Sequencing: If you're receiving multiple concrete loads, clearly communicate the desired sequence to the supplier. This prevents mixing delays and ensures a continuous pour.

Contingency Planning: Have a backup plan in case of unexpected delays (traffic, mechanical issues). Being prepared minimizes disruption and keeps the project on track.

Concrete Placement: Techniques for Success

Successful concrete placement goes beyond simply pouring the mixture. It's about controlling the process to ensure a structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing result. Here's a breakdown of techniques for optimal placement:

1. Controlled Pouring: Avoid dropping concrete from excessive heights, as this can cause segregation - the separation of aggregates from the cement paste. When pouring from a chute, keep the drop below 3-4 feet. For larger pours, consider using tremies or pumps to deliver concrete under the surface of previously placed concrete, minimizing disturbance.

2. Avoiding Segregation: Segregation significantly weakens the concrete. Beyond minimizing drop heights, resist the urge to rake or pull the concrete to move it into place. Instead, gently nudge it using a spreading tool.

3. Working with Slump: The concrete's slump (its consistency) dictates placement techniques. Higher slump concrete is easier to work with but can be more prone to segregation. Lower slump concrete requires more effort but generally produces a denser, stronger result. Adjust your approach based on the specified slump.

4. Layering and Consolidation: Pour concrete in layers, typically no more than 12 inches thick. After each layer, thoroughly consolidate using a vibrator. Over-vibration is possible; aim for a smooth, dense surface without excessive bubbling or aggregate movement. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for vibration timing and frequency.

5. Dealing with Obstacles: When placing concrete around pipes, rebar, or other obstacles, ensure the concrete completely encapsulates them. Use hand tools to work the concrete into tight spaces, avoiding air pockets.

6. Temperature Considerations: Hot weather accelerates the setting process, while cold weather slows it down. Adjust placement techniques accordingly. In hot weather, work quickly and consider using cool water in the mix. In cold weather, insulate forms and provide windbreaks to protect the concrete.

Consolidation: Eliminating Air Pockets

Consolidating concrete - often achieved through vibration - is a critical step often overlooked. It's far more than just shaking the concrete; it's about eliminating those pesky air pockets that weaken the final product and create unsightly blemishes. These air pockets, also known as voids, can significantly reduce the concrete's strength and durability, making it susceptible to cracking and premature failure.

The process involves using a concrete vibrator (either internal or external) to agitate the concrete, forcing air bubbles to rise to the surface. However, over-vibration is just as detrimental as under-vibration. Excessive vibration can cause segregation - the separation of coarse aggregates from the cement paste, leading to a weakened and uneven concrete mix.

When using an internal vibrator (also called a poker), insert it vertically, ensuring it's fully immersed in the concrete. Move it slowly and steadily, overlapping each insertion by a few inches. Avoid excessive dwelling in one spot, as this can also cause segregation. External vibrators (plate or sheet vibrators) are typically used for larger slabs and should be used in conjunction with proper formwork.

Proper consolidation results in a dense, uniform concrete surface, free of voids and with maximized strength and longevity. It's a seemingly small step, but it has a massive impact on the overall quality and performance of your concrete project.

Finishing: Achieving the Desired Surface

The final look of your concrete isn't just about aesthetics; it significantly impacts durability and functionality. Whether you're aiming for a polished driveway, a textured patio, or a smooth foundation, proper finishing techniques are paramount. The process typically involves several stages, each requiring specific tools and expertise.

First comes floating. This initial pass evens out the surface, removes minor imperfections, and prepares the concrete for further finishing. A bull float or hand float is commonly used. Timing is key - floating too early can cause surface fatigue, while waiting too long can make it difficult to achieve a smooth finish.

Next, troweling is often employed to create a denser, smoother surface. Power trowels are usually preferred for larger areas, but hand trowels can be used for smaller projects or intricate details. Multiple passes with the trowel, increasing the pressure each time, will result in a progressively smoother finish. The number of passes depends on the desired level of smoothness.

For decorative finishes, various techniques are available. Stamping involves pressing textured mats into the concrete to create patterns like brick, slate, or wood. Exposed aggregate finishes reveal the beauty of the underlying aggregates by washing away the surface layer of cement paste. Coloring with pigments can dramatically alter the concrete's appearance.

Regardless of the finishing method, timing is crucial. Concrete is workable for a limited time after placement. Overworking the surface can weaken it and create a dusty finish. Always refer to industry best practices and consult with experienced professionals to ensure a lasting and beautiful finish. Remember to protect your finished surface from traffic and abrasion until it has fully cured.

Jointing & Control Cuts

Contraction joints are your concrete's best friend when it comes to managing cracking. Concrete shrinks as it dries, and if that shrinkage isn't accommodated, it will crack - often in unpredictable and unsightly places. Control cuts, also known as contraction joints, are strategically placed cuts that intentionally create weak points in the slab, directing cracks to these predetermined lines.

Why Control Cuts?

• Control Crack Location: Directs cracking to a desired location, minimizing random, unsightly cracks.
• Reduce Crack Width: By creating a planned crack, you can often reduce the width of the cracks that form.
• Improve Appearance: Planned cracks are far more aesthetically pleasing than random ones.

Types of Control Joints:

• Saw-Cut Joints: These are the most common type, created using a concrete saw shortly after the concrete has hardened enough to support a person (typically 4-12 hours after pouring, depending on weather conditions). Depth should be approximately 1/4 of the slab thickness.
• Pre-Molded Joints: These are physical barriers placed during the pour to create a joint. While less common for slabs, they can be used in more complex designs.

Spacing and Depth:

Spacing is critical. A general rule of thumb is to space contraction joints no more than the following distances:

• Driveways & Sidewalks: Every 10 to 12 feet.
• Patios: Every 8 to 10 feet.

Always consult local codes, as spacing requirements can vary.

Important Note: Properly timed and placed control cuts are a vital part of a long-lasting concrete surface. Incorrect spacing or timing can render them ineffective.

Curing: The Key to Durability

Concrete's ultimate strength and durability aren't achieved during the initial pour - they're developed during the curing process. Think of it as the concrete's healing phase. Water reacts with the cement in the mix, a process called hydration, which gradually hardens and strengthens the concrete. If this hydration process is interrupted by rapid drying, the concrete can become weak, brittle, and prone to cracking.

Proper curing isn't just about keeping the surface wet; it's about maintaining adequate moisture and a consistent temperature for an extended period. A minimum of 7 days is generally recommended, but 28 days is ideal for achieving the concrete's full design strength.

Here's a breakdown of common curing methods:

• Wet Curing: The simplest and most effective method. Keep the concrete surface continuously wet using burlap, soaker hoses, or ponding. Regularly re-wet as needed.
• Curing Compounds: Liquid membranes sprayed onto the concrete surface. They seal in moisture and prevent evaporation. Choose a compound appropriate for the intended use (e.g., some are not suitable for potable water applications).
• Plastic Sheeting: Similar to wet curing, but using plastic to trap moisture. Ensure the plastic is in good condition to prevent moisture loss.
• Fogging: Periodically spraying the concrete surface with water, especially in hot and dry conditions.

Consistent curing practices yield a concrete surface that's resistant to freeze-thaw cycles, chemical attack, and abrasion, ultimately extending its lifespan and minimizing costly repairs.

Quality Control & Inspections

Quality control isn't an afterthought; it's woven into every step of the concrete delivery and placement process. Diligent inspections and testing at various stages are your best defense against costly failures and ensure the longevity of your concrete structure. Here's what to prioritize:

1. Slump Tests: Consistency is Key

The slump test measures the consistency of freshly mixed concrete. It should be performed upon arrival of the first truckload and periodically throughout the pour (every 2-3 truckloads is a good starting point) to ensure the mix hasn't changed. Document the results - a consistent slump indicates a consistent mix. Significant deviations from the specified slump can indicate issues with the mix design or water content.

2. Air Content Testing (For Air-Entrained Concrete)

If your concrete mix is designed with air entrainment for freeze-thaw resistance, regular air content tests are essential. This test measures the amount of air intentionally incorporated into the concrete. Too much or too little air can compromise its durability.

3. Visual Inspections: A Critical Eye

Keep a sharp eye out for any signs of problems during and after the pour. Look for:

• Segregation: Separation of the concrete's components (aggregate, cement paste).
• Bleeding: Water rising to the surface.
• Honeycombing: Voids or pockets in the concrete.
• Cracking: Surface cracks or shrinkage cracks. Note the location, width, and pattern.

4. Temperature Monitoring: Critical for Curing

Record the concrete temperature immediately after placement and ambient air temperature. Rapid temperature changes during curing can lead to thermal stress and cracking.

5. Record Keeping: Your Protection

Maintain a detailed log of all tests, inspections, and observations. Include dates, times, results, and any corrective actions taken. Photographs are invaluable for documenting conditions and providing a visual record. This documentation serves as proof of due diligence and can be critical if issues arise later.

Don't hesitate to engage a qualified concrete technician to perform more detailed testing if you have any concerns about the quality of the concrete.

Documentation & Record Keeping

Documentation isn't just a formality; it's your most valuable asset throughout the concrete delivery and placement process. It serves as proof of compliance, protects you from potential disputes, and provides crucial information for future reference. Think of it as your detailed record of how the job was done, and why.

Here's what you should be meticulously documenting:

• Mix Design Verification: Keep the concrete supplier's technical data sheet, clearly stating the mix proportions, cement type, aggregate sizes, and any admixtures used. Note the supplier's batch number and delivery date.
• Slump Test Results: Record the slump readings taken before, during, and after the pour. Document the time and the person performing the test. Deviations from the expected slump should be immediately investigated and noted.
• Air Content Readings (If Applicable): If using air-entrained concrete, regularly measure and record air content, ensuring it meets specifications.
• Temperature Logs: Document the temperature of the concrete immediately after mixing and the ambient temperature during placement. Temperature extremes can affect concrete performance.
• Weather Conditions: Note the weather conditions during the pour - temperature, humidity, wind speed, and any precipitation.
• Inspection Reports: Maintain copies of all inspection reports, including those from the concrete supplier and any required building inspections.
• Photographic Evidence: Take photos throughout the entire process - from subgrade preparation to final curing. These visuals provide a powerful record of the work performed.
• Deviation Notes: Any deviations from the original plan or specifications should be carefully documented, along with the reason for the change and who authorized it.
• Contact Information: Keep a log of all key personnel involved, including the concrete supplier, foreman, inspectors, and any subcontractors.

This meticulous record-keeping isn't just about ticking boxes; it's about ensuring a high-quality, durable concrete structure and protecting your reputation.

Resources & Links

• Concrete Delivery - General Information & Best Practices
• Portland Cement Association - Technical Information & Standards
• ASHI (American Society of Home Inspectors) - Concrete Inspection & Assessment
• Red Hen Corporation - Concrete Placement Best Practices
• For Construction Pros - Concrete Placement & Finishing Techniques
• Home Depot - Concrete Calculator (for estimating quantities)
• Build With Strength - Concrete Education and Resources
• Concrete Construction Magazine - Industry News & Articles
• The Concrete Institute - Education and Certification
• Wacker Neuson - Concrete Technology Resources